android的单元测试主要采用instrumentation,instrumentation是执行application instrumentation的基类,它具有启动能力,用于监控其他类的工具类。本博文在一个简单android demo开发应用上,使用instrumentation类完成单元测试。
  android demo
  MainActivity(具体代码见后)
  待测函数
  add():加法函数,不显示在ui上
  sub():减法函数,不显示在ui上
  changetextview():改变textview文字显示,通过监听button点击相应改变textview文本内容
  multip():乘法函数,通过监听button点击相应,完成乘数和被乘数的获取,并将结果显示在ui控件上。
  SampleTest(具体代码见后)
  代码简单说明:
  类继承:
  sampleTest继承InstrumentationTestCase,作为监控的具体实现的定制类
  public class sampleTest extends InstrumentationTestCase {
  private MainActivity sample = null;
  启动被测应用/被测类:
  sampleTest继承InstrumentationTestCase,可以使用getInstrumentation()函数获取Instrumentation对象,通过Instrumentation的startActivitySync()函数启动一个Activity,直到Activity启动后返,其中intent设置被启动的Activity
  Intent intent = new Intent();
  intent.setClassName("com.example.jc.instrumentsample", MainActivity.class.getName());
  intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
  sample = (MainActivity)getInstrumentation().startActivitySync(intent);
  单元case的编写:
  函数名:测试函数以test为key命名
  函数逻辑:点击按钮,改变textview文本显示。具体细节:为了防止ui线程停顿/卡死,新建一个线程来完成测试行为,即PerFromClick(继承runnable),其中函数中的btn2.performClick函数为模拟ui上点击行为
  验证:获取textview的文本,调用assertEquals来验证与期望是否一致
  public void testActivity(){
  Log.d("testActivity","testActivity");
  SystemClock.sleep(1500);
  getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(new PerFromClick(btn));
  SystemClock.sleep(1500);
  assertEquals("hello andriod",textView.getText().toString());
  }
  private class PerFromClick implements Runnable {
  Button btn2;
  public PerFromClick(Button button){
  btn2 = button;
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
  btn2.performClick();
  }
  }
  AndroidManifest.xml配置:
  额外配置:
  uses-library:使用的libraray配置
  instrumentation:申明测试包名,单元测试的方式
  <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
  <instrumentation android:targetPackage="com.example.jc.instrumentsample" android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" />
  测试执行:
  build工程后,在终端输入命令
  $ adb shell am instrument -w com.example.jc.instrumentsample/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
  com.example.jc.instrumentsample:包名
  android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner:指明启动的单元测试类
  运行结果:
  执行命令后,会自动启动测试程序进行测试,测试结果会在终端显示。
  单元测试一共执行了4个用例,其中3个失败(标红,失败的用力会有简单的log日志),1个通过(绿点,通过用例为点表示)
com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest:
Failure in testActivity
junit.framework.ComparisonFailure: expected:<[hello andrio]d> but was:<[this is my first androi]d>
at com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest.testActivity(sampleTest.java:84)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runMethod(InstrumentationTestCase.java:214)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runTest(InstrumentationTestCase.java:199)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1701)
Failure in testAdd:
junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected:<3> but was:<2>
at com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest.testAdd(sampleTest.java:102)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runMethod(InstrumentationTestCase.java:214)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runTest(InstrumentationTestCase.java:199)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1701)
.
Failure in testSub:
junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected:<1> but was:<-1>
at com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest.testSub(sampleTest.java:109)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runMethod(InstrumentationTestCase.java:214)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runTest(InstrumentationTestCase.java:199)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1701)
Test results for InstrumentationTestRunner=.F.F..
Time: 6.338
FAILURES!!!
Tests run: 4,  Failures: 3,  Errors: 0